The Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation on Depression in Adults with Cardiometabolic Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomised Control Trials

Nutrients. 2022 Apr 27;14(9):1827. doi: 10.3390/nu14091827.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids’ concurrent benefits for cardiometabolic and mental health are equivocal. Despite lack of evidence, up to a third of adults consume Omega-3 supplements. No review has yet been published to report effect on depression in this cardiometabolic population.

METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of double-blinded, controlled randomised trials to investigate the safety and effect of Omega-3 supplementation on depression scores in people with cardiometabolic diseases. Primary outcome was change in depression scores versus placebo. Secondary outcomes were side-effects, concurrent medication and adherence.

RESULTS: Seven trials reporting on 2575 (672 female) adults aged 39-73 were included. Omega-3 dosages ranged from 1-3 g with an intervention duration of 10-48 weeks. Six out of seven trials found no statistically or clinically significant change to depression scores compared to placebo. One trial favoured intervention (Relative Risk Reduction: 47.93%, 95% CI: 24.89-63.98%, p < 0.001). Sub-analyses showed clinically meaningful reductions in depression scores for those on antidepressants (Intervention: 20.9 (SD: 7.1), Placebo: 24.9 (SD: 8.5) p < 0.05) or with severe depression (-1.74; 95% CI -3.04 to -0.05, p < 0.05) in two separate trials. Side effects were comparable between treatment arms.

CONCLUSIONS: Omega-3 supplementation is safe to use but not superior to placebo for depression in adults with concurrent cardiometabolic disease.

PMID:35565800 | PMC:PMC9101438 | DOI:10.3390/nu14091827