HomeIngredientGender differences in plasma and urine metabolites from Sprague-Dawley rats after oral administration of normal and high doses of hydroxytyrosol, hydroxytyrosol acetate, and DOPAC

Gender differences in plasma and urine metabolites from Sprague-Dawley rats after oral administration of normal and high doses of hydroxytyrosol, hydroxytyrosol acetate, and DOPAC

August 20, 2022

Eur J Nutr. 2017 Feb;56(1):215-224. doi: 10.1007/s00394-015-1071-2. Epub 2015 Oct 13.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To date, several in vitro and in vivo studies have shown phenolic compounds occurring naturally in olives and olive oil to be beneficial to human health due to their interaction with intracellular signaling pathways. However, the bioavailability of the most important of these compounds, hydroxytyrosol (HT), and its transformation into derivatives within the organism after oral intake are still not completely understood, requiring further in vivo research. This study deals with the differential bioavailability and metabolism of oral HT and its derivatives in rats.

METHODS: Hydroxytyrosol (HT), hydroxytyrosol acetate (HTA), and 2,3-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were administered at doses of 1 and 5 mg/kg to Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 9 per treatment) by oral gavage. Their plasma kinetics and absorption ratio, assessed as their excretion in 24-h urine, were determined by UHPLC/MS/MS.

RESULTS: Plasma and urine levels indicated that although the three compounds are efficiently absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and show similar metabolism, the bioavailability is strongly dependent on the derivative considered, dosage, and gender. Inter-conversion among them has been described also, suggesting an interaction with internal routes. Microbiota metabolites derived from these phenolics were also taken into account; thereby, homovanillic alcohol and tyrosol were identified and quantified in urine samples after enzymatic de-conjugation, concluding the metabolic profile of HT.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that different dosages of HT, HTA, and DOPAC do not provide a linear, dose-dependent plasma concentration or excretion in urine, both of which can be affected by the saturation of first-phase metabolic processes and intestinal transporters.

PMID:26463517 | DOI:10.1007/s00394-015-1071-2

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About The Author

Patrick Blanchard MD

Meet Dr. Blanchard Dr. Blanchard’s medical practice is an embodiment of Integrative health which brings conventional and complementary approaches together in a coordinated way. Conveniently located in sunny Florida and over the internet with ValiseMD’s secure HIPPA compliant telXmed servers. Since 1994, patients with a wide range of challenging medical problems have achieved optimum health using the best of natural medicine, judiciously combined with high-tech innovations. Breakthroughs are often achieved even after patients have consulted mainstream specialists and holistic practitioners. Dr. Blanchard is founder and CEO of ValiseMD, Inc. He is board certified in Family Medicine since 1994 and awarded Fellow of the American Academy of Family Physicians in 2001. He received the ‘Teacher of the Year’ award from the University of Kansas School of Medicine at completion of his residency in Family Medicine. He completed a fellowship at Wake Forest University in the field of vascular neurosonology. He holds a medical patent in the field of Gastroenterology. He holds an unrestricted license to practice medicine and surgery in Florida. He started his medical career as a Emergency Medical Technician, then as a Paramedic and later a Medical Doctor.